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Jardim Zoológico Nacional da África do Sul – National Zoo Gardens
The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa
Endereço: National Zoological Gardens of South África
232 Boom Street, PO Box 754 – Pretoria 0001 – Gauteng – South Africa
zoologic@cis.co.za – www.zoo.org.za – www.zoo.ac.za
O Zoológico de Pretória foi estabelecido em 1899. É o único zoológico da África do Sul com estatus nacional, considerado um dos melhores do mundo, atrai milhares de visitantes por ano, inclusive estrangeiros. Possui 70ha e é administrado pelo governo.
The establishment known today as the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa was founded in 1899 by the then-director of the Staatsmuseum, Dr Jan Boudewyn Gunning. Dr Gunning kept a collection of birds and a few mammals in the backyard of the Museum that were destined to be stuffed and put on display in the Museum. However, Dr Gunning had other plans for the animals.
Wild Net Africa News Archive – Pretoria Zoo – The Place to Be this Holiday!
(07/07/1998)
Brought to you by www.wildnetafrica.com
© WildNet Africa (Pty.) Ltd. – Africa's Wildest Web
The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa in Pretoria has many exciting animal babies and new displays for visitors this July holiday. An endangered pudu was born at the Zoo a few days ago and the birth of the highly endangered prehensile-tailed skink called for another celebration. Two giraffe also arrived at the Zoo to add to the interesting collection of youngsters. After a period of major renovations to the Cape fur seal enclosure, the two animals are ready to move back into familiar surroundings. In addition, a black rhino will arrive from the Zoo's Potgietersrus Game Breeding Centre shortly!
The more the merrier: After much speculation about what was hidden behind the canvas at the giraffe enclosure, the Pretoria Zoo recently announced the arrival of two new giraffes. The two youngsters, a male and a female of about eighteen months old, arrived at the Zoo approximately two months ago and their arrival was kept secret until now. Giraffes are very popular with the public and the enclosure was revamped a while ago to create a more natural environment. The giraffe were purchased from a game farmer in the Hoedspruit area.
Constatei girafas e os chimpanzés abaixo em 25/12/1998. Trouxe uma caneca de porcelana...
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Jardim Zoológico de Johannesburgo – Johannesburg Zoo
Endereço: Herman Eckstein Park – Jan Smuts Avenue
Private Bag X13/Parkview – Johannesburg 2122, South Africa
www.johannesburgzoo.co.za – www.jhbzoo.org.za
info@jhbzoo.org.za – Teresa Slacke (teresa.zoo@mj.org.za)
Administrado pelo município, foi fundado em 1904, 200 acres of land was officially accepted by the Town Council of Johannesburg and signed over to the people of Johannesburg as a recreational venue in perpetuity.
This land was offered by the firm of H. Eckstein & Co. and was to be called “The Hermann Eckstein Park” in memory of the founder of the firm. Nowadays, this area comprises Zoo Lake and the Johannesburg Zoo, divided by Jan Smuts Avenue.
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Hermann Eckstein was involved in the development of the new mining town of Johannesburg, He had three million trees planted in an area which he christened Sachsenwald, now the suburb of Saxonwold. After his death in 1893 the land was subdivided. His partners offered part of the plantation to the Town Council. It was South Africa's well-known Sir Percy Fitzpatrick, a partner in the firm, who suggested that it be named after Hermann Eckstein.
The nucleus of an animal collection was already kept on the grounds. It comprised: 1 male Lion, 1 male Baboon, 1 female Leopard, 1 pair Indian apes (identified as Rhesus monkeys), 2 male Sable antelope, 1 Golden eagle, 1 Insimba cat (identified as a genet), 1 pair Porcupines e 1 girafa fêmea.
The first “official” enclosure was built by the Town Council to house 2 young lions. Only the lions and leopard were in the public area at this stage. Development of the park proceeded immediately and continued unabated for some years. Bridges were built over water courses, paths laid out, ornamental trees and gardens planted and animal houses built to house the ever-growing animal collection. The infant zoo received many donations of wild animals, many of which were arranged by Sir Percy Fitzpatrick.
The Zoo fell under Superintendent of Parks, Mr A.H. Stirrat who keenly encouraged children's playgrounds and open recreation areas in the then formal, “keep-off-the-grass” parks.
1910 – A Bandstand was erected for the current popular live brass band music. The tramway from the town centre was extended to the zoo gates, resulting in an increase in visitors. Facilities for picnicking helped this park to become one of the most popular places to spend leisure time in, but public toilets were only built in 1916 and waterborne sewerage installed in 1935.
The development of Johannesburg Zoological Gardens followed closely the current European trends, largely due to the colonial population. This seems to have been the case with colonial zoos at that time, probably without exception.
1913-1915 – A stone elephant and rhino house was erected. A few years later, a Hippo house and pool were added on alongside the Elephant House, but the elephants' bathing pool was only constructed in 1937. The Elephant House was converted into an auditorium in the 1980s and remains a popular conference and function venue to this day, with its wooden block flooring still intact. Some of the old stone buildings constructed in the 1920s and 1930s are still in use today, though not as animal houses.
Also at this time, 1 Asian elephant and 1 Bactrian camel were purchased and trained for rides. Donkey and pony cart rides started in the late 1920s. These animal rides, including Llamas and a zebra, continued to be popular until the late 1960s, though the variety of animals used was reduced. One day in 1963/1964, an elephant with a cargo of children left its regular route and ran back to the Elephant House, refusing to return to its routine. This event marked the end of the elephant rides and only the donkey rides continued until the early 1990s. At this stage, one of the primary reasons for visiting the zoo was for children to enjoy the animal rides.
The principle of “cages without bars”, the use of vegetation and artificial rocks to give a natural look to the exhibits was started just after the turn of the century. It took many years for the trend to become the norm in zoos worldwide, but Johannesburg Zoo started its own moated camp system as early as 1921 with the then lions' enclosure. This was stated to be the first open enclosure of its kind in South Africa, and the large camps to be the first in zoos in the southern hemisphere. (Daily Mail 2/2/1939). Ironically, this first camp's moat had to be filled in during 2001 because of drainage problems.
It was then the practice in South Africa to have separate facilities for “Europeans and non-Europeans”, and the new playground installed in 1929 was no exception.
By 1927, the blue-gum tree plantation had largely been cleared to extend the recreational area.
1936 – A new hospital was built. The contrast between this original hospital and the current facility (built in the late 1960s and partially upgraded in the 1990s) was enormous – these buildings consisted simply of open-faced cages in rows facing north, whereas the current hospital has heated floors in the wards, a drive-through passageway, laboratory, surgery, X-ray room, examination room, and an entirely separate quarantine station, both served by a modern incinerator.
The first guide-book was published in 1936 and was very popular. A few published in the 1960s gave mostly very basic directional information, feeding times, “Do's & Don'ts”, but most issues included photographs and information about the animals on display. Copies from the 1970s and 1980s could also be useful to scholars for biology projects.
For many years, plans for new animal houses were drawn up by the Town Engineers' Department and not by zoo specialists. Perhaps for this reason, very few innovations were seen until private architects were involved in the designs. The 4 bear enclosures completed in 1939 and currently in use are a good example. Since medieval times, it was the practice to keep ears in pits and these enclosures, though beautifully executed in stone, remind many people of bear pits. The Zoo is currently raising funds to modify and extend this section into a more natural-looking environment.
For the first time in the zoo's history, 1949 is cited as the first year that the Zoological collection was diminishing instead of growing, despite a number of private animal collections that were donated to the zoo. By 1950, the need for a “master plan” was recognised – to redesign the zoo over 10 to 15 years.
However, this was delayed until the 1960s by inadequate funds, when a study tour of zoos in England and Europe was undertaken by senior officials to study layout and administration. American consultants and architects were involved in the master plan. The major element was to be open, large enclosures with moats. A major redevelopment of most of the zoo, including the horticultural layout, took place in the 1960s and continued into the 1970s. (Labour shortages in the building trade slowed down the completion of this master plan from the mid-60s).
Public awareness was changing and visitors were “becoming” sceptical with the old zoo. The staff Zoologist recommended reducing the number of species on display in favour of large, more natural displays of a more representative cross-section of each animal group. He also recommended establishing a “trademark” by which the zoo could be identified. These changes would enhance observational research and could include a museum of zoological specimens, made available to students of all kinds. (see Biofacts Museum below). The Zoologist gave lectures to many groups and talks on radio.
The Biofacts Museum, in operation since 1988, hires out animal specimens for a small fee to teachers, students and for commercial use. It is unique in that few museums allow people to take out items in this way. To date, there are over 700 catalogued specimens available to the public.
In November 1963, a start was made to replace white labourers with “Bantu animal Attendants”. Demotivation among keeper staff was a problem until some grading of posts took place in the early 1970s. The first attempt to “professionalise” keepers was to send selected staff on a part-time course of Wild Life Management from 1974. Nowadays, the minimum requirement is Matric, plus relevant experience.
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Parque dos Leões – Lion Park
Cnr Hans Strijdom (R512) &
R114 Muldersdrift Road
(Near the R512 and R28 Junction)
Honeydew – Johannesburg – South Africa
lionpark@cknet.co.za – www.lion-park.com
Estabelecido em novembro de 1966 (by the world-famous Chipper Fields Circus and has been operating ever since), o Parque dos Leões está localizado na Província Gauteng, perto do aeroporto Lanseria, norte de Johannesburg, and Fourways within easy reach de Johannesburg e Pretória.
It is home to more than 70 lions including white lions and many other carnivores such as cheetahs, wild dogs, brown and spotted hyaensa, black leopards and many more. Apart from the larger carnivores a variety of plains game species roam freely in the Lion Park's antelope area.
Distante 45 minutos de carro do centro de Johannesburgo, o Parque dos Leões lembra o Zoo Safari de São Paulo... Com cerca de 70 leões, o parque dispõe ao visitante uma interação com filhotes de leões e ainda é possível alimentar as girafas no final do passeio... Depois de circular de carro pelas quatro grandes áreas de leões...
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Bloemfontein Zoo (founded 1906)
Parks and Cemeteries Building
Zola Budd Street, PO Box 3704, 9300
Bloemfontein – South Africa
Outros zoológicos, lista em ordem alfabética de cidade:
Endofaun Zoo (Bapsfontein)
Induna Primate and Parrot Park (Broederstroom)
Two Oceans Aquarium (Cape Town)
De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Trust (De Wildt)
Mitchell Park Zoo (Durban)
East London Zoological Gardens (East London)
East London Aquarium (East London)
SA Lion Park (Fourways)
Hartebeesport Dam Snake & Animal Park (Hartebeesport)
World of Birds Wildlife Sanctuary (Hout Bay)
Bayworld (Humewood)
Butterfly World (Klapmuts)
Knysna Elephant Park (Knysna)
Tygerberg Zoo Park (Kraaifontein)
Lichtenburg Breeding Centre (Lichtenburg)
Bester Birds and Animals Zoo Park (Lynnwood Ridge)
Montecasino Bird Gardens (Northcliff)
South African National Birds of Prey Centre (Observatory)
Cango Wildlife Ranch (Oudtshoorn)
Reptile Park (Pietersburg)
Monkeyland Primate Sanctuary (Plettenberg Bay)
Port Elizabeth Museum, Oceanarium and Snake Park (Port Elizabeth)
Potgietersrus Breeding Centre (Potgietersrus)
CrocWorld Natal (Renishaw)
Monkey Town Primate Centre (Somerset West)
Safariland Game Park (Suide-Paarl)
Natal Zoological Gardens (Umlaas Road)
Emerald Animal World (Vanderbijlpark)
Hoedspruit Research & Breeding Centre for Endangered Species (Waterkloof
Ridge)
Nota: Zoológico Predator World
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Última atualização: 15/10/2009. |
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